Swiss Movement

Can the Swiss private banking sector survive the major regulatory changes it currently faces? Dr Ariel Sergio Goekmen says it can, if it returns to its core values.

The dramatic recent developments in the Swiss banking sector seem to point in only one direction: south. The financial crisis in 2007–2008 took its toll on Switzerland, with the number of banks decreasing from 331 in 2006 to 275 in 20141.

According to a study by PwC2, the decrease in gross-revenue margins at Swiss banks, which have fallen by about 20 per cent since 2006 and today are down to less than 100 basis points on assets under management, is attributable to: the negative press around the Swiss private banking sector (including the non-prosecution agreements that Swiss banks have negotiated with the US Department of Justice and the unauthorised sale of client data); the obligation of banks to make kick-backs3 on products transparent to clients; and automatic exchange of information, starting in 2018, which means an end to banking secrecy for clients resident in the EU, and most likely in many jurisdictions that are signatories to the OECD’s Common Reporting Standard.

At the same time, securities holdings in Swiss banks have remained nominally stable since 2007 for all clients, at around CHF 5 000 billion. However, adjusted for outflows of client funds and performance, the holdings are about 15 per cent lower. In 2014, 26 private banks reported losses, compared to none in 20084. A publicly accepted initiative against mass immigration poses another threat to the Swiss banking industry, as qualified foreigners might be more difficult to attract.

It would appear Swiss private banking faces an increasingly tough environment and that the sector is declining quickly. But is this true?

Seeing eye to eye with the EU

Switzerland has now accepted exterior political challenges and adapted rapidly5. It is leading the way in certain regulatory areas – e.g. in the regulation of systemically relevant banks. Its banking industry has also accepted requirements contained in Basel III to support bank capital adequacy, stress testing and market liquidity risk, and local laws have been redesigned to harmonise with EU directives6, e.g. those around consumer protection7, and investment funds8.

There are many other initiatives but, in summary, it can be said that Switzerland and its banking industry have fundamentally changed course and are now taking a much more flexible stance towards EU regulatory matters, due to their wish to gain access to the EU market.

New business models

In  January 2015, the Swiss National Bank gave up its fixed peg to the euro. This meant that the Swiss franc immediately gained value, thereby reducing Swiss banks’ revenues and, as such, increasing the cost of foreign clients banking in Switzerland by about 10 per cent. This has not helped export the “private banking product”. How can the banking sector adapt to the falling revenue trend and cope with declining margins?

One solution is to return to the core values of Swiss banking, which made Switzerland the biggest private-banking financial centre in cross-border wealth-management globally, with a market share of 26 per cent9.  The values focus on quality and diligence, professionalism, innovation and delivering value for clients and shareholders. “Delivering value” means achieving investment performance and putting relevant, integrated know-how at the immediate disposal of clients. This concerns all aspects of client work, from relocation to mergers and acquisitions, from portfolio diversification to art collecting and structuring solutions.

Swiss banks remain the best capitalised in the world, which, together with the country’s AAA rating, means that Switzerland is frequently selected as a location for custody, advisory and asset-management services, even by very demanding institutional clients, such as pension funds, insurance companies, sovereign wealth funds, family offices and corporations. It was the Swiss banking industry’s reputation that helped to make renminbi clearing services available in Switzerland from 2015.

Deloitte suggests that banks follow one of five business models in order to remain competitive10.  Besides the traditional, universal bank model that offers all services in-house, there are the managed solution, transaction champion, product leader and trusted advisor models.

Trusted advisor banks offer advisory financial services for end clients. Trust is acquired by in-depth knowledge of the client, gained by a customer-comes-first attitude. The services are delivered by a pool of highly qualified internal and external experts, such as STEP members.

I believe there is more than just hope for the Swiss banking sector. There is a clear indication that the industry is focusing on what it has always done best: putting the client’s interests first and providing high-quality  performance.

  1. Swiss National Bank, Banks in Switzerland 2015.
  2. PwC, Private Banking Switzerland: From Yesterday to the Day After Tomorrow (2014).
  3. Product-related financial inducements.
  4. KPMG, Clarity on Performance of Swiss Private Banks (2015).
  5. Swiss Bankers Association and Boston Consulting Group, Actively Shaping. Transition – Future Prospects for Banking in Switzerland (2014).
  6. PwC, Neue Regeln für den Schweizer Finanzplatz durch FIDLEG und FINIG (2015).
  7. MiFID II.
  8. Undertakings for Collective Investment in Transferable Securities Directive; Alternative Investment Fund Managers Directive; European Market Infrastructure Regulation.
  9. Boston Consulting Group, Global Wealth 2014: Riding a Wave of Growth.
  10. Deloitte, Swiss Banking Business Models of the Future.
Dr Ariel Sergio Goekmen

Member of the Executive Board

Schroder & Co Bank AG, Zürich

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